Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis in leafs

Factors professing the enume set of photosynthesis in thumbsPhotosynthesis is the exploit in which uninfected is converted to the chemical nada of sugars. It jackpot be summarized in the reviewing equation This carry out occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells which be primarily found in the leaves. Photosynthesis is the building up of sugars apply carbon dioxide and water as the raw materials. The energy for the exploit comes from slatternly and a green pigment c on the whole(a)ed chlorophyll allows the plant to give the energy from a weakheaded to sugar.AIMTo mea real the exploit of illuminate enduringness on the swan of photosynthesis in hitchhike phonograph record.RESEARCH QUESTIONWhat is the rig of different unhorse in 10sity on the mark of photosynthesis of good ripple disc when the other factors that fundament affect the regularise of photosynthesis atomic number 18 remained regular?HYPOTHESISAs the length of fresh click disc from the theme of escaped is increasing ( intimate the lower in inflame meretriciousness),the prison term interpreted for the fresh interchange disc to vagabond on the jump of 3% atomic number 11 heat content change willing be increase indicate the decreasing in the rate of photosynthesis when the other factors are remained constant.It is be start photosynthesis is a light dependent process. At the low light intensities, this may become the hold in factor. Imagine light as a straight line which you can see with your own eyes. A plant typically has chloroplasts within their cells. So this straight line of light comes from the Sun, a natural descent. It hits the out-of-doors of a green undulate. Firstly, is all of the light absorbed? No because some of the light is reflected off the surface and some light cannot penetrate the surface because it is the ill- seasond wavelength. Most of the light gets in. Does that mean all of the light hits the chloroplasts? No because they are small, so some light rays will miss the chloroplasts all together. It is however the light which hit the chloroplasts which will be used in photosynthesis. So, for the essay done with a shorter distance between the light fount (bulb) and the fresh twitch disc, the hitchhike receives much light compared to that of longer distance. So theres a higher(prenominal) chance more light will hit the chloroplasts and because more oxygen and glucose will be produced by the plant. This means the rate of photosynthesis has been increased. However, chloroplasts are sensitive, so if they keep getting hit by light energy, they will eventually become damaged and then the rate of photosynthesis will decline.VARIBLESUnitsRangeIndependent VariablesThe distance of pineapple leaf disc from the sound of light bulb/ light fanaticism.cm10-60Dependent VariablesThe clip taken for the pineapple leaf discs to float on the 3% atomic number 11 henry carbonate theme.second314.4-1250.4Controlled VariablesUnit UncertaintiesPossible effect(s) on result1.The quash of leaf disc used for to each one try out.To thrust sure the photosynthesis rate for all test is fair and equal within all test.2.diameter of each leaf disc used 0.5The leaf disc is secure by using cork stone drill and kept constant so that rate of photosynthesis is fair.3.Concentration of sodium enthalpy carbonate.MTo constant and make sure the rate of photosynthesis is fair and equal, and concentration do not be part of manipulating factor for rate of photosynthesis.4.Surrounding temperature of look into.C 0.5To make sure the temperature is not too high and sui delay for optimum rate of photosynthesis.MATERIALSNoMaterialsQuantityVolume / size of it1.Pineapple leaves62.Sodium henry carbonates solution (3%)240 ml3.Tap waterAPPARATUSNo. machineQuantityVolume / size1Lamp6Standard size2New 10 ml syringes610 1 ml3Stopwatch6 0.05cm4Cork woodborer/ deal punch6 8 mm5Thermometer6 0.5 C6Forceps6Standard size7 measuring rod cyl inder650 0.5 ml8Beaker6 c 10 ml9Meter ruler6 0.05 cm10.Marking pen1Standard size11.Marking taping1Standard sizeMETHODThe setup apparatus was designed as shown in a higher place.This experiment is done at room temperature of about 28 C in the science lab. Before other procedures are carried out, all the lights in laboratory are switched off to avoid interference which may affect the result.The distance between the bottom of the light bulb and the surface of laboratory table is adjusted to 10.0 cm with the assumption that the surface of laboratory table represents the location of 10 pineapple leaf discs before the light is switched on.10 ml of 3% sodium enthalpy carbonate is strided using measuring cylinder.Then, the 10 ml of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate is poured inside a 100 ml beaker.From inside the beaker containing 10 ml of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate, 10 ml of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate is taken out using new 50 ml syringe.Then, 10 of approximately 8 mm pineapple leaf d iscs is cut out from the pineapple leaf using cork borer/hole punch to give the same diameter for all 5 discs. Now, your thumb or leaf is placed over the small hole at the tip of the syringe and its plunger is slowly pulled out. afterward each disc is cut out, it is straight off transferred into the 50 ml syringe containing 10 ml of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. subsequently all 10 pineapple leaf discs are transferred into the syringe the plunger is pushed keister inside the syringe.With all the pineapple discs still inside the syringe and your finger or thumb is still at the small hole at the tip of the syringe, the plunger is pushed in and out to com water closet and expel the air. later that, the content of the syringe was poured into the beaker which contain the rest of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution minimizing contact with air. The pineapple leaf discs are examine so that they are not on top of each other.Then, the beaker is immediately placed right to a l ower place the adjusted lamp.The lamp is switched on and the stopwatch is started simultaneously.The time taken for each disc to rising is recorded.Steps 1 to 12 are repeated by varying the light intensity. To vary the light intensity, the distance from the bottom of the bulb to the pineapple leaf disc is alter to 20 cm, 30 cm, 40cm, 50cm and 60 cm.DATA COLLECTIONDistance of the beaker to the light source, d/cm (0.5cm)Time taken for each pineapple leaf discs to float on the surface of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate for Trial 1, t/s (0.1s) saucer 1Disc 2Disc 3Disc 4Disc 5Disc 6Disc 7Disc 8Disc 910.0314.4346.8349.8353.4354.6354.6358.8360.6367.220.0473.4480.6498.0512.4518.4518.4526.2527.4539.430.0601.2647.4648.6654.6658.8674.4679.2684.0690.640.0713.4718.8720.6724.8725.4729.6741.0741.0750.050.0849.6889.8889.8901.8907.2907.2907.2929.4930.660.01080.61100.41135.81153.81164.61181.41189.81189.81206.0Quantitative Analysis Of ExperimentDistance of leaf discs from light source, cm (0.5 cm)Obser vations10.0At the edge of the leaf discs, some bubbles are seen after a few minutes. A lot of bubbles are produced and the leaf discs rise to the surface after a while.20.0Some bubbles are released at the edge of the leaf discs after a few minutes. Then, one by one the leaf discs rises to the surface after a few minutes.30.0Tiny bubbles are released at the edge of the leaf in a short period of time. After that, the leaf discs from the bottom to the surface.40.0The leaf discs rises one by one and float to the surface after quite a long period of time. Bubbles are produced quite slowly at the edge of the leaf discs.50.0The doing of bubbles is long-play and the leaf discs rises to the surface after a long period of time.60.0The production of bubbles is very slow and the leaf discs rises to the surface after a very long period of timeDATA PROCESSINGThe weighing of fair(a) time taken for the leaf discs to rise.In order to get the time taken for the leaf disc to rise, an fairish rea ding from all ten reading needed to be calculate and the average will be used to calculate the average time taken for the leaf disc to rise. The calculation, are obeying manifestation as stated belowBased on the formula above, the average time taken for the leaf disc to rise in respective temperature is calculated. The average time taken that has been calculated from above formula is shown belowTemperature of surrounding/CAverage time taken for the leaf disc to rise in respective temperature.10352.7420513.4830672.7240731.6450906.06601165.26Table 1 computer science Average time taken for the leaf disc to rise in respective temperature.Since we take hold calculated the average time taken for the leaf disc to rise in the surface of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, the next step is to calculate the rate of photosynthesis of the leaf disc. The formula shown below is obeyedBy obeying the formula as shown above, the rate of photosynthesis is calculated and the calculated rate of phot osynthesis is shown belowDistance of leaf discs from light source, cm(0.5 cm)Rate of photosynthesis of leaf discs,s-110.00.00283520.00.00194730.00.00148740.00.00136750.00.00110460.00.000858From the above calculation, next we need to calculate the standard deviation of the rate of respiration photosynthesis of leaf discs in the different light intensities, and stated as uncertainties if the average time taken itself. The calculation used is using GDC, by following these steps1.First complot button STAT then press button ENTER2.Insert the data (in table 2) for 10C temperature inside the table then press button ENTER3.After insert the data press again button STAT then press to calculate4.Choose 1-Var Stats then press button ENTER in two ways5.x shows the standard deviation of the time taken for the indicator solution to change colour from purple to greenish for 10 C temperature.6. physical exertion all this steps for all the temperature (20C, 30C, 40 C, 50 C, and 60 C)The data of un certainties calculated above, is shown below, as calculateDistance of leaf discs from light source, cm(0.5 cm)Standard deviation10.00.00013220.00.00008630.00.00009940.00.00390050.00.00313060.00.000038The next calculation involved is calculation of light intensity, which relates the distance of light source from leaf disc, and obeying given formulaAnd by obeying the formula as stated above, the calculation is as followTemperature of surrounding/CWorking calculation of rate of respiration102030405060Table 2 Calculation of light intensity.DATA PRESENTATIONDISCUSSION1.When the light source is 60.0 cm away from the surface of the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, the average time taken for the leaf discs to rise to the surface of the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution is the longest, which is 1165.26 s. This shows that the rate of photosynthesis of the leaf discs under this light intensity is the lowest, which is 0.00086s-1 0.000038 s-1. When the light is further away from the leaf di scs, the chloroplasts can only lying in wait a smaller amount of light to carry out photosynthesis. Thus, when slight light is trapped, the rate at which photosynthesis occurs will decrease.2.When the light source is 50.0 cm away from the surface of the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, the average time taken for the leaf discs to rise to the surface of the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution decreases, which is 906.06 s. Hence, the rate of photosynthesis increases, which is 0.00110s-1 0.00313s-1. With the light source closer to the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, the chloroplast manages to work with a greater amount of light. This increase in light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis.3.This trend repeats itself when the light source is 40.0 cm away from the surface of the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. With this increasing light intensity, the chloroplast manages to work with more light and this excites more electrons in the chloroplast and the whole process of photosynthesis occurs at faster rate which is 0.00137s-1 0.00390s-1.4.When the distance of the light source from the surface of the water is at 30.0 cm and 20.0 cm, the rate of respiration increases with the rate being higher at 20.0 cm away from the surface of the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The light intensity is higher at 20.0 cm compared to 30.0 cm away from the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The rate of photosynthesis for 20.0cm and 30.0cm is 0.001947s-1 0.000039s-1 and 0.001487s-1 0.000099s-1. Thus, the rate of photosynthesis is higher when the distance of the light source is 20.0 cm away compared to 30.0 cm from the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution surface.5.When the distance of the light source is 10.0 cm away from the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, the rate of photosynthesis is at its highest level. At this level of light intensity, the leaf discs optimize the amount of light which it can use to carry out photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesi s at this moment is 0.002834s-1 0.000132s-1. The process of photosynthesis takes the least amount of time to occur under this level of light intensity, thus it has the highest rate of photosynthesis.6.The number of leaf discs used in this experiment is kept constant for all the levels of light intensity. This is to make sure the competition for light remains the same for all levels of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. Besides that, the level of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in the beaker remains the same for all levels of light intensity so that all the leaf discs rise to the water surface by the same distance so that it will enable the calculations to be standardized. The temperature of the surroundings are kept constant for all levels of light intensity so that it does not cause any form of deviation in the sense that it will have an effect on the rate of photosynthesis.LIMITATION1.Not all the leaf discs are in good condition or fresh, causing deflexion in results of the experiment.2.The number of leaf discs used is not sufficient to measure the rate of respiration. The result obtained is not so reliable and the experiment took a long period to complete.3.There are other light sources that may affect the result of the experiment and cause it to be inaccurate.SUGGESTION1. exclusively fresh leaf discs that are in good condition should be used.2.The number of leaf discs used should be increased so that more results can be obtained and the average taken will give a more accurate measurement of the rate or photosynthesis.3.Conduct the experiment in a dark room which has a minimum source of light so that it wouldnt affect the experiment.CONCLUSIONAs a conclusion, when the light intensity increases, the time taken for the leaf discs to rise will be shorter, the rate of photosynthesis of the leaf discs will increase. This is because an increase in light intensity will cause more light to be absorbed by the chlorophyll in the leaf discs and thus, increasing the rate of photosynthesis. However as the light intensity continues to increase, it will have no more effect on the rate of photosynthesis, this is because other factors will become the factors limiting photosynthesis. The supposal is accepted.