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Narrative Form Of Parenting Group Essay - 3248 Words

Narrative Form Parenting group started two weeks ago, with ten members. The parenting group is taking place in a classroom. When the members arrived to the classroom the counselor had arranged the chairs in a circle in the middle of the classroom. When the members arrive they took a seat and waited for the rest of the members. Members that are part of the parenting group are Dee, Oziel, Nela, Kathy, Roger, Ozzy, Felix, Susi, Vicente and Miriam. Two of the members are couples that are having a hard time with a parenting style because they come from different culture and they have different beliefs and values. The rest of the members are either single parents or married parents. The first session of parenting group, the counselor opens the first meeting by first introducing herself and going over confidential information with the group. The counselor then covers some topic that will be covered during the parenting group. After the counselor went around the group and ask members to introduce themselves by saying their first name, how many children they have? And what are their hobbies as a family? Dee was first to introduce herself, she has one daughter and her hobbies with her family is going out on the weekends to take her daughter to ballet class then go out as a family to the movies or for a walk. Oziel has one son; his hobby with his family is going out to different park themes. Nela has two sons and her hobbies with her family is taking the boys to play soccerShow MoreRelatedThe Controversy Surrounding Same Sex Parenting1255 Words   |  6 Pagessexual orientation has a negative impact on child development, while proponents argue that the relationsh ip between the child and parents is what matters. National, state, and local governments are faced with the controversy surrounding same-sex parenting. People have very strong opinions on both sides of the argument. 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Music out of Africa Essay Example For Students

Music out of Africa Essay A major misconception of the oral tradition is that it consists of and continues through words or (for the purpose of this essay) lyrics only. This misconception is defied every time a musician plays a note on his instrument. Along with words, vocalized tone and rhythm play an important role in the oral tradition. These two elements are just as important in oral communication as words because it allows for communication of a nonverbal nature, even subconsciously at times, in all languages. Bornman insists that while the whole European tradition strives for regularity of pitch, of time, of timbre, and of vibrato the African tradition strives precisely for the negation of these elements. Traditionally African languages did not restrict a single word to having one particular definition; rather one had the freedom to speak freely using words at their own discretion with their own unique meanings in mind. Along with words came how the words were spoken. This was in fact the intention of the true oral tradition, made up of a persons unique response to anothers oral statement. Ben Sidran explains: all oral communication is a direct reflection of the immediate environment and of the way in which members of the oral community relate to that environment. We now can draw the comparison to music with Bornmans assertion that In music, the same tendency toward obliquity and ellipsis is noticeable: no note is attacked straight; the voice or instrument always approaches it from above or below.8 In large part, the complexity of this rhythmic approach is due to the value placed on spontaneity and the instinctively communal nature of oral improvisation. This talent is a role of the larger oral approach toward time and the consequent emotional connection with events as they happen. By failing to label emotional content along the rigid lines of verbal definition, a result of the stress on vocalization, musicians have aided the survival of the oral tradition. They are able to do this effectively because they celebrate the feeling of any given moment as a unique experience, rather than as a part of some pre-written text book. By separating every moment or significant experience they are able to improvise and create their own unique tune. The ability to experience and communicate emotional content on such a broad level is characteristic of the oral mans failure to detach intellectually: to not categorize, specialize, or analyze. Ultimately, this is a necessity in the survival of the oral tradition. In some ways it has become much more a manner of presentation than a way of experiencing. Abandoning strict rules of tonality came naturally to, internationally renowned South African pianist, Abdullah Ibrahim. He says in an interview before his 1996 concert celebrating Mandelas inauguration, Ever since I was a kid I was playing in that direction And then it just got to a point in New York in the late 60s with the avant-garde. What happened was that we just got to a state of such technical proficiency that we could execute anything. Practically, though, it got to the point that we couldnt eat. Really, nobody wanted to listen. From a technical perspective it was quite complex, and then I realized you can use very eloquent language to say something, but if people dont understand what the hell your talking about Using basic language you can get the same kind of message but as for me it was not just a conscious decision to move away from it, it was natural.9 What comes next is perhaps the crucial element in Ibrahims musical odyssey toward tonality, perhaps in his political and spiritual one as well. I think maybe because of the involvement in the struggle in South Africa, in some ways we were just forced to deal with what people saw as normal, basic issues, you know. We had to deal with people, and so the music has to relate to people. And for us it was a blessing in disguise because that is how the music always related anyway, traditionally. For all the Western influence in Ibrahims music, from Debussy to Duke Ellington, his music is distinctly African. .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 , .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .postImageUrl , .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 , .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8:hover , .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8:visited , .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8:active { border:0!important; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8:active , .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8 .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u732d6b8ced0808a36f6694df6890c0c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jazz and the Brightside Tavern EssayDuke said it when he met us: You are blessed because you come from the source. The challenge that we faced was that if youre a jazz musician you have points of reference if youre an aspiring musician. If youre a saxophone player you listen to Charlie Parker and John Coltrane. But with our traditional music there is no point of reference. There was no piano player for us. We had to deal with creating a contemporary mind-set in terms of improvisation with a traditional music of our own. Thats what gives Ibrahim such a distinct sound. Viewing the film A Brother with Perfect Timing, I questioned Ibrahims assertion that today musicians are seen as entertainers, but rather they are healers who use their music as spiritual medication. Traditionally healers performed their duties either through the gift of speech or using plants directly. Through my experience with music, I now know what a profound affect a single song can have on a persons day or life. Musicians are healers of a different breed and although still esoteric in nature, many people can and are healed everyday. In the Bafour tradition, a healer who wants to deepen his knowledge has to travel extensively in order to learn about the different methods and study with other masters of the subject. Musicians follow the same practice in mastering their craft. The African of the savannah used to travel a great deal. The result was exchange and circulation of knowledge. This is why the collective historical memory of Africa is seldom limited to one territory. Instead it is connected by family ties or ethnic groups that have migrated across the continent. This explains why the traditional healer I speak of originates from the region of Mali while Ibrahim, who views himself as a healer in the same sense, is from South Africa. Listening to Ibrahim speak of one of his mentors, Thelonius Monk, we get a glimpse of his tremendous admiration and respect for this man. He tells us that one day he happened to be thinking about Monk and decided to write a song in his honor entitled, For Monk. We can see on his face the excitement that came with composing such a work. He even asked his band to play the newly developed and not quite finished song at their concert a few days later. Ibrahim was compiling this incredible tribute to a man that had inspired him in so many ways not knowing that the day after he had written the song, Monk had been admitted to the hospital. For Monk had been written in honor of this legend and inspiration but now served as an inspiring piece for that same legend to fight through his illness. The song transpired more in the spirit of the training of a Bambara apprentice smith, than in the creation of a conservatory product. I think the great Charlie Parker said it best: Music is your own experience, your thoughts, your wisdom. If you dont live it, it wont come out of your horn. As in imperial Mali, the musicians song is a call to arms. Just as the griots of Sundjata energized the enthusiasm of the warriors of Mandà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, the musician of today must mobilize his audience for the collective tasks of nation-building. By singing the glories of the past, making it immediate and alive for his audience, the musician stimulates a remembrance of them; by urging sacrifice today for a greater tomorrow, he provides the expectation of a common future. Ibrahim explains to us at the end of his film that the words of Water from an Ancient Well not only represent the drought in Africa, the famine and the turmoil, but it is asking for the water of wisdom so that we can face the future. He smiles and gently utters Very soon Africa will be green and blooming again. .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c , .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .postImageUrl , .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c , .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c:hover , .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c:visited , .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c:active { border:0!important; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c:active , .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6eb5f6751a2005b8e2c64b7f719de45c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of Music Education: Greek, Roman and Egyptian EssaySELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY B, Hampat, Vol. I, The Living Tradition, General History of Africa/ UNESCO, 1981 Conrad, David C. Barbara E. Frank, Status and Identity in West Afric: Nyamakalaw of Mande, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1995 Hentoff, Nat Albert McCarthy, eds., Jazz. New York: Rinehart, 1959 Knight, Roderic C., Vol. 30, No. 3 Music out of Africa: Mande Jaliya in Paris, The World of Music, 1991 Miller, Joseph C., The African past speaks: essays on oral tradition and history, Folkstone, England: Dawson/Archon, 1980 Niane, D. T., Sundiata: An epic of Old Mali, Essex, England: Longman, 1965

RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA Essay Example Essay Example

RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA Essay Example Paper RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA Essay Introduction RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA By smzungu THE APPLICABILITY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA The term development is very broad and it has therefore brought many scholars in defining it. in economic view, Development can therefore be defined as the increase of level of economic development of a nation. This is looked upon by the economic indicators, for instance; income per capita, gross national product gross domestic product and the inflationary rates. So once these increase in a given country, it is said to have undergone economic development. However, this definition was further criticized by other scholars postulating that the perception on the income per capita is too general due to the fact that there are low class earners and high class earners in a given economy and all the economic indicators may be present but still no economic g rowth. Other scholars therefore came up other definitions on development. For instance, Walter Rodney who claimed that development can be defined on two ways; development in individual view of which he postulated that evelopment in an individual is the increased skill, capacity, greater freedom, creativity, self-discipline, responsibility and material well-being and a society that is developed is said to have increased capacity to regulate both internal and external relationships. Development can therefore be defined as an economy which has grown and has trickle down effect. RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA Essay Body Paragraphs That is to say a developed economy should have impact to the people. The modernization theory was developed in 1960. It comes from the capitalist point of view of development and it relates development with modernization. The theory states that a modern society is likely to archive economic development compared to a non-modernized society. A modern society is more productive due to the fact that children receive formal education, there is time consciousness and the needy receive more welfare. This is according to Smelter’s analysis. However, Coleman goes on saying that a modern society can be differentiated from a non-modernized society using three main features which are: differentiation of the political structure where the political components such as the executive, Judiciary and the parliament are independent and the decisions made annot be altered with by either of them. Secondly, secularization of political culture which refers to the freedom given to all the political pa rties and leaders to practice their political traditions and culture and finally there is the participation of the society in political systems. The theory further argues that development is a linear process and any society must go through some stages for it to develop. This is further supported by an American economist called Walt Whitman Rostow. Rostow was one 1960 which was like a modification of what Karl max did. He argues that in order for a ociety to undergo economic development, it has to undergo through five linear stages which are traditional society stage, pre-condition to take-off, take off stage, drive to maturity and mass consumption. it is therefore from these stages, we can conclude that a developed society is at the fifth stage of mass consumption. Rostow goes on saying that each stage has characteristics which a society in that stage is likely to undergo; For instance, the traditional society stage is the initial stage of development and every society underwent thr ough this stage. It is generally characterized by low production due to poor technology. Agriculture is in existence but it is mainly subsistence, there are no classes since there is low population and people live in families. The economy in this stage is stagnant and there is no individual mobility. Pre-condition to take off is the second stage and Rostow has shown the characteristics of a society that is in this stage. He argued that external demands for raw materials for raw materials initiate changes, the technology begins to improve, the level of investment also increases, there is change in the social structure and individual mobility comes into existence. A society that is in this stage, has fulfilled the conditions to take off to the other stages. The take offstage is the third stage and is characterized by: manufacturing begins to rationalize and scale increases in a few leading industries as goods are for both export and domestic consumption. The production of secondary go ods also increases than the production of primary goods, industries like the textile industries are the first to take off. Moreover, a society in the drive to maturity stage is characterized by the diversification of the industrial base, manufacturing shifts from investment driven owards consumer durable goods and domestic consumption, there is also rapid development of transport infrastructure and large scale investment in social infrastructure example schools and hospitals. Finally, the fifth stage is the mass consumption stage and is characterized by the industrial sector dominating the economy, there is a wide spread consumption of consumer goods and the consumers have more disposable income to purchase luxurious goods. The modernization theory is relevant and is therefore applicable in archiving development in the least developed countries like Tanzania. The underdeveloped countries should make efforts to adopt the characteristics mentioned in each stage by Walt Whitman Rostow to archive development thus the theory is applicable in the following ways: Diversification of the economy. This means that it’s not only one sector that is being depended in the economy but also other sectors. Tanzania depends on agriculture thus it is the one that dominates the economy. The industrial sector is still at a small scale comprised of small and medium industries most of them producing consumer goods. The agricultural sector being the core economic base of the country still, it is ot well mechanized due to the fact that most people still practice it for subsistence and the ones who practice for commercial purposes are faced by problems of lack of storage facilities, poor climatic conditions for instance most of the regions in Tanzania receive mean annual rainfall of about 800mm and it is not evenly distributed in the country. This makes the agricultural activities to be practiced seasonally hence there is no adequate supply. Tanzania therefore should not only the industrial sector, mining sector, tourism sectors and many others which can be of reat economic benefit to the country. Investment in the social infrastructure. Rostow claims that a society in the drive to maturity stage does much investment in the social infrastructure in there is adequate availability of health facilities, schools and so many others. Furthermore, Coleman stresses much on this by saying that a modern society is likely to achieve development due to the fact that there is the availability of formal education and the society receives more welfare. There to be modernized must therefore do much investment in the creation and distribution on the formal education. For instance the teacher to student ratio in the country is 49:1 of which it’s still very inappropriate to distribute education effectively. In addition, the number of health facilities in the whole country totaled up to 6321 which obviously the number is too small to cater for the very big population of the country, this shows how poor the country is in the distribution of the social welfare to its people. The improvement of the social infrastructure in Tanzania will therefore lead to a more educated and healthy population which would be much effective in the economic development of Tanzania. Development of economic infrastructure is another feature among the stages of economic development as mentioned by Rostow which Tanzania should also try to adopt so as to archive economic development. Economic development is much contributed for by a much developed transport system since it enhances the provision of goods and services as well as the raw materials needed in the manufacturing industries. The road transport system in the country is not much developed since it is not evenly distributed in the country and most of the roads do not reach the international standards. The airports are available but not with adequate planes to transport a variety of cargo to different parts of the worl d. This problem has contributed to a slow development of industries in the country as well as less exportation to other countries thus making the country to import more hence making the trade terms unbalanced. Therefore, Tanzania must improve its transport infrastructure so as to enable it be among the developed countries in the world. Smelters analysis entails that a developed country is characterized by the secularization of the political system in which the politicians and their respective arties are allowed to practice their political traditions and cultures. Evidently, this is common in most European countries. Tanzania is a multiparty country but the dominant party is the CCM which has been in leadership for so many decades now. Mostly there has been controversies and every party has its own thing to say and these differences have far much contributed ineffective working of the political leaders because they have to work as per the traditions of the political party in reign th is limits the decision making of the leaders of which some could be of much importance to the economic development in the country. Tanzania should therefore practice secularization of its political system so as to reach Rostows highest stage of development. Finally, increase in the level of investment especially in the production of capital goods than the consumer goods. as per the statistics in from the Tanzania Bureau of Statistics, the countrys largest exports are coffee , cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, cloves, diamonds, gold, tobacco and tea. The country imports large quantities building and construction materials, machinery and transport equipment. It is from goods which are very much costly. Rostow argues that in the third and fourth stage of evelopment, the society invests much in industries and the level of industrial growth increases. Therefore, for Tanzania to improve its economy must invest on the import substitution industries which would deal in the production of the capit al goods instead of importing them thus saving costs which can later be used to upgrade the living standards of the people in the country. In conclusion, the modernization theory as we have seen is relevant in describing development In different economic societies, the characteristics mentioned in each stage by Rostow, when they are implied, a country will definitely undergo economic development since ach one of them is designed to tackle issues which hinder development in many countries in the world. Most of the developing countries face problems like dis economies of scale, imbalanced terms of trade and so many others of which the solutions towards them are clearly explained in the modernization theory; this shows its applicability in the achievement of development in the least developed countries like -ranzanta. REFERENCES: 1. Walter Rodney. How Europe Undeveloped Africa Tanzania Bureau of Statistics. (Google. com) 2. World Bank Annual Report. (Google. com) 3. UNICEF Tanzania (Go ogle. com) 4. We will write a custom essay sample on RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on RELEVANCY OF THE MODERNIZATION THEORY IN ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE TANZANIA Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer