Corruption in local government Essay

Corruption simply means dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those who are in power. Corruption is the evil which lead to the economic social and moral problems of a country. The man is greedy in nature so that’s why he desire more and more and for achieving his desire, sometime he chooses the path which is against his moral standards we have so many examples of corrupt people in the world. Corruption is the mother of all evils. Corruption has done a deplorable situation in the country. There are various forms of corruption such as bribery, nepotism and extortion which is deeply penetrated in our social system. There are many types of corruption like Political corruption, Systematic corruption, Organizational corruption, Judiciary corruption, Social corruption and many others. In Pakistan all these types of corruption have been done. Corruption has become very common thing in our social and political culture. All the important individuals of the society like Government and private employees are involved in corruption. The rising level of corruption has given many problems like depression ad sense of insecurity. Every department is involved in corruption. Due to corruption common people are deprived of their basic rights. Corruption can only be eradicated if there are honest people on senior government seats. These days Pakistan is in terrible situation because there is too much corruption in Pakistan. Every department is corrupt and not performing their duty with honesty. Due to this evil of corruption people cannot get their basis rights. The funds and money that should be spend to provide facilities to the people, they are gone in corruption. The development projects are incomplete due to corruption. Corruption has many bad effects in the lives of common people. There are many effects of corruption. Corruption give birth to many evils in the society and causing many problems to the country and the citizens of the county some of them are listed like It leads†¦

Economic reform in the Soviet Union and Russia Essay

Economic reforms in Russia and the Soviet Union have really never come to be, even after the constant assurances that the government gives its citizens that it is doing everything in its power to bring this to pass. One of the reasons this has been so difficult to achieve is the ‘man exploitation of man’ notion. Having some people live with hardly an income of between $40-$60 a month while others take huge amounts of profits made by years of an average man’s effort and labor not to mention the illegal owning of the country’s natural resources. Russia’s enormous size has also contributed to the delayed reforms. Russia is a large country which stretches across eleven time zones and eighty nine different regional governments. This has made the long distance between the locations promote the difficulty in communication and transportation. The presence of a weak central government in Moscow sometimes makes the officials far away from the capital refuse to carry out the reform programmes. There has been a lot of organized crime which especially grew in the 1990s. The ‘Russian Mafia’ had at one point in 1998 been estimated to control 40 percent of the private companies and 60 percent of state owned enterprises. It was like they had their own economy. This mafia even expanded outside Russia. This affected the economic growth for it rewarded illegal activity over honest business. Mikhail Gorbachev had brought about some economic reforms which unfortunately, yielded little results. There was the alcohol reform which involved the increment of alcohol prices such vodka and beer. Wineries were also destroyed and drinking in public prohibited. This failed due to the blockage of information by the conservatives making the pace of the reforms too slow. It brought about a huge blow to states budget making a huge loss. The glasnost reform which meant greater freedom of speech was introduced. Gorbachev intended to let the media and the public openly criticizes the government decisions. This turned out to be a mistake as the media used it to reveal some of the mistakes the government had done in the past like to severely punish its citizens. The freedom got way out of hand more than Gorbachev had intended which made the citizens change their views towards the government (Katz, 2008). Gorbachev political initiatives were positive for freedom and democracy, but his economic policies brought the country close to a disaster. There were severe shortages of basic food supplies that led to the supply of limited food substances to the citizens. Yeltsin did not do much to help in implementing the reforms. Although he advertised self sacrifice by riding in city buses, visiting factories and stores, talked with commuters, gathered hundreds of officials who were corrupt and gathered information on deficiencies, he resigned in October 21, 1987 claiming that the economic reform was proceeding too slowly. He blamed this on Gorbachev associate claiming that he had been blocking his attempts to improve the lives of Moscow’s common folk. References Katz, A. (2008). The politics of economic reform in the Soviet Union. New York: Praeger

Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed

It was Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed in one   of the rooms of the old Grierson house, found there forty years after his disappearance.   The circumstances and events cited by the author of the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† point out to this inevitable conclusion.Only a person with an abnormal state of mind would suffer a dead man to lie unburied for years, mouldering right inside a room in her house. When some of the neighbours complained of the foul smell, Miss Emily acted as if nothing was wrong: the men who had surreptitiously entered her lawn to spread lime over the ground saw her sitting inside one of the rooms.   Unknown to them at that time, she was perhaps keeping vigil or visiting her lover’s corpse.That she would lie down with him night after night – evidenced by the â€Å"long strand of iron-gray hair† found in the indentation in the pillow beside him –   bespeaks of her utter loss of sanity, which was no t so visible at first. That Miss Emily suffered from emotional instability – a streak of madness in her – becomes apparent as the story unfolds.Cloistered in the ancient Grierson mansion, Miss Emily is seen as someone above the average citizen: her supposed lineage kept people at bay.   She ignored tax notices sent after her father died; either she did not comprehend, or she had naively believed the old tale that the townspeople were indebted to her family.   She is impervious   and cold, seemingly devoid of any emotion, as if lost in a   world only she knows about.We find the first strong evidence of her unnatural state of mind when her father dies: she refuses for three days to have him buried, telling the mourners he was not dead.   â€Å"We did not say she was crazy then,† narrates the author.   The people saw her grief as evidence of a despairing helplessness, feeling herself so alone, still unmarried, her father having driven away those young m en who had earlier proposed to her.We are told that Miss Emily â€Å"had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman . . . â€Å" Here is yet another hint that madness ran in the family.When she and Homer Barron are seen together, causing a scandal among the townsfolk, the Baptist minister is sent to talk to her.   The minister does not say what transpired during their interview but he refuses to go back (and talk to her) again.Perhaps the minister was taken aback by Miss Emily’s haughty demeanor as that she displayed when she vanquished the town officials who had demanded from her payment of taxes.   Or maybe the minister saw something frightful in Emily’s eyes that he refused to talk to her again.

The Elecdyne Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Elecdyne Company - Case Study Example . In relation to these challenges, the company is aiming at coming up with new strategies in order not only to remain viable, but also to make profit (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt 2008). One of the strategies that the company considers to be viable is its expansion internationally through venturing in the EU countries. The countries of choice include Russia, USA, and France. In addressing this, the report will expound on the current and future environmental factors that will impact the affect Elecdyne through the aid of STEEP analytical framework. I chose STEEP analysis because of its simplicity in addition to being general and permitting one to analyse the diverse factors that impact an organization. Apart from STEEP, PEST and SWOT analysis will be used in analysing the selected countries extensively in order to determine the best option for expanding internationally. Griffin argues that competitiveness is the most crucial characteristic of a global market. This assertion is in relatio n to the globalization expansion. This claim aids a company to formulate ways of overcoming environmental challenges. The use of strategic tools as the ones will be expounded in this report will probably aid in achieving this objective. The global industry is estimated to be 5.4% (Nummela 2010) with continuous growth in the coming years. However, the influence of the recent recession has been very significant in electronic industries as well as other industries.

Rapid Response to Deteriorating Adult Patient Essay

Rapid Response to Deteriorating Adult Patient - Essay Example From this essay it is clear that  the development of a comprehensive program for the identification and detection of primary causal and contributory factors for the observed adult patient deterioration is imperative for the reduction of mortality rates associated with deterioration of acutely unwell patients. Although studies indicate the occurrence of patient deterioration at any duration of patient illness, identification of pathophysiological factors related to patient deterioration and subsequently mitigation measures may prevent the culmination of patient state to death.  Ã‚  This study outlines that the fundamental remedial measures for the deterioration of adult patients should be focused on the development,assessment, and implementation of effective medical care and practices that would offer optimal care to acutely unwell patients. This present essay is aimed at the identification, development and improvement of health care delivery to acutely unwell patients to prevent the occurrence of patient's health deteriorates through implementation of a rapid response deterioration adult patient program.  Deterioration of adult patients has been associated with the occurrence of physiological abnormalities in patients that are recognizable by medical professionals. Deterioration of adult patients has often been preceded with observable pathophysiological factors which could range from changes in patient vital signs, deterioration of consciousness and oxygenation in the case of patients suffering from cardiorespiratory arrest.

The Middle Class in Urban Britain 1780-1900 Essay

The Middle Class in Urban Britain 1780-1900 - Essay Example Naturally, such a social grouping has to have an organized way of association and this very often involves the formation of exclusive member clubs only for those that can sustain the cost of operation of such a grouping. These clubs formed the base in which the members could not only cool off away from the prying eyes of the media and the lower class but also for communication with like minded individuals. These individuals very often felt that they had the obligation to dictate policy to the rest of the citizenry and very often, the major decisions that affected the society in general stemmed from meetings in exclusive locations. In many occasions, the people that were charged with managing large manufacturer factories were often quoted as saying that the common people, who encompassed their workers, could not understand the intellectual power and the physical energy that was put by a single individual in order to manage a large number of people and to do it efficiently and effectiv ely. Structurally as well as anything, this study does not aim to depict the middle class in the 19th century Britain as a homogeneous grouping. In fact, in many ways, this paper will show that this group of people was manifest in many forms and with a myriad of problems associated with it. The strength of having an unpredictable middle class is that there will ultimately be a balance in all functions of society including the economic and political functions. Organization of the middle class... These individuals very often felt that they had the obligation to dictate policy to the rest of the citizenry and very often, the major decisions that affected the society in general stemmed from meetings in exclusive locations. In many occasions, the people that were charged with managing large manufacturer factories were often quoted as saying that the common people, who encompassed their workers, could not understand the intellectual power and the physical energy that was put by a single individual in order to manage a large number of people and to do it efficiently and effectively. Structurally as well as anything, this study does not aim to depict the middle class in the 19th century Britain as a homogeneous grouping. In fact, in many ways, this paper will show that this group of people was manifest in many forms and with a myriad of problems associated with it. The strength of having an unpredictable middle class is that there will ultimately be a balance in all functions of so ciety including the economic and political functions. Organization of the middle class That the middle class in Britain in the 19th century had immense financial muscle is not in doubt. However, even the elite also have an elite grouping among themselves. This means that the middle class was in turn broken down into two groupings with one being regarded as big and the other as petty. This class of people had to work out the differences within their own structure. In order for them to gain political and religious rights, they had to work through the difficulty of compromise. While the middle class was working through the differences that they had, there was hostility from the rest of the society. This may have arisen from the need for political and other leadership that would drive the

Law for the Built Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law for the Built Environment - Essay Example 1.Professional Negligence: In Blemain case, it was held that where a professional employing his decision and skill fails to accomplish his obligations as per the standards anticipated from him, then he will be accountable for negligence. Under English Law, a valuer cannot be found to be fault for deriving an outcome which does not acknowledge some magnitude of error as held in Friedlander Ltd case. If a professional valuation is subjective in nature but deviation of more than ten percent to fifteen percent will be suggesting that there has been professional negligence as held in the above Friedlander case. Despite the fact that a valuation figure has been arrived at by an incorrect approach, or in the application of the approach, if, nevertheless, an acknowledgeable value has been arrived at, there may not be any adequate corroboration of actionable negligence since, in actual fact, no loss might have been borne on footing upon the decision held in Mount Banking Corp case. In Kenney case , an estate agent was held accountable for overstating negligently the value of a client’s home. ... It is to be cautioned that coveyance deed executed between the Most Noble Bernard Marmatluke Duke of Norfolk –( seller) and the buyer the Public Trustee and Henry Hardwick & Sons Limited on 31st July 1867 states that Matilda property was jointly owned by a public trust and Henry Harwick. It is unclear how land held by a public trustee jointly with Henry Hardwic & Sons Ltd can be later transferred by Henry Hardwick & Sons Ltd alone to Majesty Pony & Trap Services Ltd (buyer) on18th March 1911. In 1911, conveyance was made to Majesty Pony without the consent or authorisation of the Public trustee. Thus , a public trust is one, which owns inviolable privileges in some lands and in spite of the title ownership and that the government keeps some rights in such lands in trust for the public. Hence, transfer of title of land of Matilda property subsequently itself is void. As such, it is suggested to take appropriate legal opinion in this aspect before buying the Matilda property. 1. 2 Professional’s personal Liability A personal duty of care is owed by a professionally qualified person who is tendering advice in his field of expertise to the person who relied on his advice as held in Merret case. The builder and the designer could be held accountable under professional negligence for employing construction materials, which proved to be not suitable or harmful to health under the s1 of the Defective Premises Act, 1972. Further, under s6 of the Health and Safety Works Act, 1974, there is duty imposed on manufacture of a product to make sure its safety for its usage at any work. Under s12 of the Buildings Act, 1984, quality construction materials should be used otherwise,

Population & migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population & migration - Essay Example Population increase/explosion in developing countries contributes to problems such as malnutrition and poverty but does not have much negative effects in developed countries as they are well endowed with several resources. On the other hand, population decrease in developing countries can be seen as a blessing as it would boost the capacity of available limited resources and opportunities to cater for the needs of the population, but in highly industrialized countries it will be seen as a curse because of shrinking available workforce. This paper investigates problems of population explosion in India suggesting ways that can be used to control it. According to Webster’s dictionary, population is defined as the whole number of inhabitants or people in a given country whereas population explosion is pyramiding of numbers of a natural population. Population change is mainly influenced by death rate, birth rate and migration. Increase in birth rate and migration increase population whereas increase in death rate reduces population. Thus, population is calculated by subtracting a sum of deaths and emigration from a sum of births and immigration. Effects of population growth in India include increased environmental population, increased unemployment and illiteracy levels and increased depletion of resources. Increased environment pollution has resulted from increased establishment of more factories to satisfy the needs of the people in the country. When the fossil fuels are burnt to generate energy required by the increased factories, green house gases such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are emitted into the atmosphere contributing to air pollution and global warming. Also, the factories discharge their industrial wastes into rivers. Equally, the increasing numbers of people exert pressure on the available natural resources; water resources are over-utilized, forest cover

Two public companies are to be analyzed and compared Essay

Two public companies are to be analyzed and compared - Essay Example The Company has also ventured into the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. It focuses on collections of classic sportswear, sweaters, accessories and shoes,casual wear, dresses, coats, consisting almost of its own branded merchandise(Ross,P 723) in misses, petites, woman's and woman's petite sizes. Its kids section called Talbots Kids concentrates on the assortment of clothing and accessories for infants, toddlers, boys and girls. The adult division, Talbots Mens, caters to needs for men's sportswear and dress furnishings. Additionally, Talbots' customers can also make their purchases online at www.talbots.com. In terms of expansion, the Company acquired has purchased the J. Jill Group, Inc. in May 2006(Irwin, P. 52). As of the first month of 2006, the Company already has 1,083 stores in forty seven states, Canada, the District of Columbia, and the United Kingdom. ... ng three Talbots Woman stores in Canada), 12 Talbots Mens stores, two Talbots Collection stores, and 23 Talbots Outlet stores (including one Outlet store in Canada). The Company distributes 48 million catalogs in one year alone. Talbots Petites, Woman and Kids stores generally measure 2,600, 3,100 and 3,500 gross square feet, respectively. Talbots Accessories and Shoes stores generally measure 1,800 gross square feet. Talbots stores is devoted to selling space (including fitting rooms), with the balance allocated to stockroom and other non-selling space. In some market locations, the Company has created its superstores by placing 2 or more other Talbots' concepts near a Misses store(Meigs, P 376). As of first month of January 2006, there are 127 superstores functioning. Also, Talbots' flagship stores are Misses stores, which are operated to generate awareness of its merchandise in metropolitan locations, including Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, London and Toronto. Furthermore, the Company maximizes Talbots Outlet stores that are separate from its retail stores in order to provide for controlled and effective clearance of store and catalog merchandise remaining from each sale event. During 2005, the direct marketing segment represented approximately 15% of total Company sales, with the Internet channel comprising 42% of direct marketing sales. Stein Mart Inc. Stein Mart is engage in the business of chain retailing. The company is offering the fashion merchandise, service and presentation of a better department or specialty store(Bernstein, P 236). Its business is spread out from California to New York concentrating its focused assortment of merchandise featuring moderate to designer brand-name apparel for women and men, as well as

PHILOSOPHY - What is skepticism Describe Descartes' attempt to build a Essay

PHILOSOPHY - What is skepticism Describe Descartes' attempt to build a secure foundation for knowledge using his method of d - Essay Example Through this, Descartes hopes to find his foundational belief from which a reliable, clear and distinct philosophy can be deduced. But how will Descartes arrive at such a foundational principle? Descartes will doubt all his beliefs in order to arrive at the one thing which cannot be doubted further; this is Descartes attempt to build a secure foundation for knowledge. However, â€Å"is there anything at all that he can know to be true, that can survive the process of doubt?† (Williams 2005, 57) Descartes’ skepticism is termed methodological skepticism; this is defined as â€Å"the use of doubt methodically in order to arrive at true knowledge† (Lavine 1984, 95). In doing so, he first doubts his beliefs on sense perception, which he claims are by nature deceptive. Second, he doubts his beliefs on material objects and the physical world, which are based on sense perception. Third, he doubts his beliefs on natural sciences, which uses objects that are based on sense perception. Fourth, he doubts mathematics. In doing so, he invents an evil demon or genius that conditions his mind and deceives him to fall into error (Greetham 2006, 86). However, Descartes realizes that in order to be deceived, he must exist; in order to doubt, there must be someone doing the doubting. Thus, Descartes arrives at his self-evident principle, which can be stated in Latin as â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† or â€Å"I think therefore I am† (Copleston 1958, 91). â€Å"This proposition: I am, I exist, is necessarily true each time that I pronounce it, or that I mentally conceive it† (Descartes 2007, 430). So Descartes is now certain of one thing, that is, his existence as a conscious subject; that whenever he is thinking, he is assured of his own existence – but what about the external world? Descartes feared that he may fall into solipsism, the view that â€Å"my mind with its thoughts is the only thing that exists, the only reality: and that othe r persons and the physical world are only ideas within my mind† (Lavine 1984, 100). So in order for Descartes to escape the solitude of solipsism, he has to be able to prove the existence of something other than his own mind. At this point, he sought to prove the existence of God, and bases his proof on his theory of ideas and causes. An idea, for Descartes, is the effect of causes. Herein, he formulates three basic propositions. As Lavine (1984) explains: â€Å"there must be as much reality in the cause as in its effect, something cannot proceed from nothing, and what is more perfect cannot proceed from the less perfect† (104). Given this aforementioned background, Descartes (1993) begins with the claim that he has a â€Å"clear and distinct idea of God† as a perfect being (177). Since ideas are effects of causes, then something must have caused his having such an idea. And since its cause must have the same magnitude to its effect, and that something perfect ca nnot come from something less perfect, then God exists as the only possible cause for his idea of a perfect being, for something cannot come from nothing. Therefore, God exits. Given that God exists, how can this prove that the external world exists? Descartes reaches all â€Å"these conclusions by the application of a method of systematic doubt† (Kenny 2008, 36). Having established his own existence, as well as the existence of God, Descartes now replaces doubt with certainty. Herein, he comes to know that he gains knowledge of material objects

Components of a Healing Hospital and Relationship to Spirituality Essay

Components of a Healing Hospital and Relationship to Spirituality - Essay Example This notion of healing in hospitals was started by Florence Nightingale, whereby she focused on health of her patients both physically and spirituality. In addition, healing hospitals are designed to focus mainly on recovery and return to health well being; physically, emotionally and spiritually and not just curing an ailment for a patient (Young & Koopsen, 2006). Healing hospitals revolution and work are based on three main components as asserted by Eberst (2006). First is the focus on culture and radical care given to patients which is to aid in the recovery process. Moreover, healing hospitals are built and based on a compassion culture from health care providers. The treatment process in these hospitals involves doctors, relatives and well-wishers who are involved in making patients feel better and relax, hence accelerate the healing process. The notion here is that if the patient feels comfortable with his/her care giver, then they shall heal faster (McCormick, 2010). The secon d component is that of a relaxed and patient friendly physical environment, which will aid in making patients relax and heal faster (Eberst, 2006). In addition, the physical environment of the healing hospitals must be cool, quiet and relaxed with cool coloring and fresh air circulating. This is meant to aid patients to relax and sleep comfortably which, in return, accelerates the healing process.... These hospitals also use technology in the treatment procedures to provide effective care and best possible treatment to patients under their care (Eberst, 2006). The concept of spirituality, which is a belief system focuses on intangible elements that impart meaning to life of people, has continued to arise in healing hospitals. Generally, healing hospitals are involved in providing a healing environment to their patients. Spirituality also varies among different patients as it cuts across different cultures and ages. Therefore, patients in hospitals are normally disturbed spiritually with pertaining issues in their health such as infirmity, suffering, loneliness and boredom, despair on not healing and the possibility of facing death (Young & Koopsen, 2006). Healing hospitals components are used to aid in raising spirits of patients and hasten healing. The culture and physical environment of these hospitals provide patients with spiritual healing environments in which patients feel calm and relaxed promoting their health and well-being. Caregivers counsel patients and give them hope and a reason to live and have a purpose in life (McCormick, 2010). Challenges of Creating a Healing Environment in Light of the Barriers and Complexities of the Hospital Environment As Chapman (2003) states in chapter 3 of the book â€Å"Radical Loving Care: Building a Healing Hospital in America†, healing hospitals are faced with some of these challenges. The first challenge is technology application and use of drugs, as he states technology advances dehumanize healing aspects of the healing profession. In addition, he claims that dependence on drugs in healing has reduced the

Persona Responsibility Essay Essay Example for Free

Persona Responsibility Essay Essay Personal responsibility, in this context, is an important concept composed of these parts: Fist, what the words personal responsibility means to you? Second, what relationship exists between personal responsibility and college success? Last but not least, what preliminary plan do you have to practice personal responsibility in your education? Personal responsibility is a decision that you make to live up to your own ideals and expectations. It also means that you would be accountable for what you say, do, or think. It can also mean self awareness of a person towards the success of one’s life. Personal responsibility starts inside us and move outwards. We should not blame others for our mistakes. We should start blaming our self if something went wrong that way we can find ways to fix it and move on our life. Also, don’t postpone doing what you can do today, because tomorrow has it own problem to solve; if you can, today is the perfect day to develop your talents. Many students believe that it is a responsibility of the instructors or other students to help them succeed in college. I believe it is me and only me who can achieve my own success. Personal responsibility is accepting what ever consequences come from my actions and understanding how to improve and make necessary changes. By setting personal goals, staying focused, and time management skills, I can achieve college success. A good way to improve my college career is to stay organized. Often times in college, the schedule of classes, and making time for things other than school can be extremely challenging. This requires me to have a good time management skills, keep a detailed schedule of all future deadlines, and to have whatever resources and supplies available and ready to use. The Journal  of College Admission says: â€Å"The student would benefit from using organizational tools, such as planners, calendars, to-do-list, folders, blinders, and dividers† (Prevatt, Huijun, Welles, 2011, para.). Also, every society, like every family has their rules. If you want to live a better life with no troubles, you have to follow those rules. Following the rules makes your life easier and happy. When it comes to relationship between personal responsibility and college success, we all need to think twice. There is correlation between personal responsibility of the student and their success in college. This relationship exists because personal responsibility directly affects issues that are pertinent to ones life such as family, relationships, education, as well as physical and spiritual well-being of an individual. Personal responsibility determines the success of the student in college for a number of reasons (Charles, 2008). The first, and I think one of the most important, is self-discipline. Personal responsibility is the ability to be in control of ones life in terms of actions, emotions, etc. Students who do not have personal responsibility concerning their lives are prone to influences of doing what others are doing by just following them without proper reasons. This lack of self-control comes about because any individual without a sense of personal responsibility will always be irresponsible. A student without personal responsibility will blame the lecture for failing in the exam when a responsible student with personal responsibility will rather analyze the reasons behind his/her failure and decide to take action to pass the exam. This explains why students who have a sense of personal responsibility have higher scores than those without personal responsibility (Bourbon, 1994). The other factor that makes students who take personal responsibility to succeed in college more than the others who do not take personal responsibility is that they do not allow circumstances to hinder their progress in life. They do have a high sense of self-esteem, which makes them to confront issues critically rather than emotionally. Students who feel that they are not in control pity themselves when they have issues to deal with in their lives thus affecting their physical health negatively. This may lead to absenteeism from classes and even suicidal cases (Charles,  2008). Students who are aware of the words personal responsibility also manage to delay gratification; it’s the ability to deny oneself pleasure in pursuit of a particular goal. Personal responsibility enables a student to stick out or to persevere in pursuit of academic excellence thereby delaying the enjoyment of pleasures, which may affect the concentration, or peace of mind in pursuit of excellence. Th e delay gratification of pleasures such as drug abuse, sexual relationships, and hooliganism are known to affect student’s academic performance (Bourbon, 1994). Studying at university is not just about learning a lot of things that are fascinating in themselves but, preparing your future in a work place. At the same time as you develop your knowledge of your subject and the skills required to perform well in it, you’re actually developing a whole range of skills and intellectual abilities that can be transferred to other areas of life, including your future employment. To reach that goal, you have to be hard on yourself; you have to set a study time and respect it no mare what, Study individually is good, but, group study is better because you have more than one ideas and a lot of experiences to take advantage of. You also need an appropriate place with no noise around to be concentrate and do your work. Be strict on your school schedule like you are for the one at wor k. Make sure to do all your assignments on time and make sure that you respect the time you set for your studies. College demand extra work to do. You have to manage your time between your work, your family members, your friends and so on †¦ Time managing is very important if you want to succeed in college. Planning thing ahead can help thing get done early so that you can have enough time to do your school work. As work responsibilities, school has his part too. Study, do assignment on time, participle in group activity, find a good place and time to study. Discipline is a key word I Think to succeed in college. A person cannot succeed if there is not a personal responsibility for what he/she is doing. In order for me to practice my personal responsibility in my education, I need to do my own assignment, do my work on time; don’t wait for someone else to do it for me. If I’m having troubles understanding a subject, I can as my instructor or a classmate for help for more explanations instead of letting someone else do it for me. Doing your own assignment helps understanding your courses and be successful at the end. References Charles, Chester (2008). Building Classroom Discipline Boston: Pearson Education Bourbon, Thomas (1994). Discipline at Home and School: New York: Brandt

The death penalty debate

The death penalty debate Death penalty has been an issue of controversy and debate for ages and one comes across a large number of arguments for and against capital punishment system. Capital punishments were prevalent at one stage or other in the developmental history of many nations and many of them have constitutionally abolished death penalty from their criminal justice systems. Advocates of death penalty in the United States argue that death penalty is the need of the time as homicides and serious offences are at an increasing rate and that the provision for capital punishment can act as the strongest corrective measure in a crime prone condition. Besides, there are many who believe that many innocent lives can be saved by providing death penalty to dreaded criminals. The retributive belief that death penalty is essential to preserve retributive justice whereby murderers get the full punishment they deserve and the utilitarian argument that death penalty deters or is necessary to incapacitate prospectiv e criminals have immensely supported capital punishments in the nation. On the other hand, the major argument against death penalty is that it is against human rights, ethics, and morality. Whatever may be the arguments for and against the practice, when it comes to implementation of a law such as capital punishment on state level, it is essential to consider the pros and cons of death penalty in the nation, the underlying reasons behind the creation of the capital punishment, the moral and ethical issues related to it, how much the implementation of it is efficient in fulfilling its purpose, and whether there are any other alternatives to achieving the same purposes as that of death penalty. The higher cost of using the capital punishment and the liabilities it causes on the states governance are also to be unearthed. In doing so the paper tries to compare and contrast capital punishment with its closest possible alternative-life imprisonment without any possibility for parole. The paper seeks to make a probe into the various aspects of capital punishment and it emphasises that capital punishment should be abolished in the United States as it does not deter other criminals, as there is the increased risk of innocents being executed and as the cost of execution is higher than that of life imprisonment. 2 Discussion There have been a number of debates over the future of capital punishment in the United States. However, it is a fact that the opponents as well as the supporters of death penalty system are not entirely satisfied with the current system of capital punishments and the way death penalty is administered in the nation. Even a number of national opinion polls have brought about conflicting results with regard to the elimination capital punishments. This has prompted most of the politicians to take a neutral stand in this controversial issue. On the other hand, there are many who favour life time imprisonment without any chance of parole to death sentencing. In fact, the abolitionists have played a pivotal role in educating the public of the laws regarding life in prison without parole whereby they seek to convince people that such murderers will never be released or allowed to commit further deadly crimes (Marzilli 2008, p. 94). They also argue that United States should follow the exampl e set by other Western industrialized nations in abolishing capital punishment. There are also many who hold that gun control, drug treatment, better schools, and other social programs are much more effective than the death penalty in reducing crime (Marzilli 2008, p. 96). Similarly, one should also bear in mind that there are several nations that have brought down crime rates even after abolishing death sentence. Abolition of Capital Punishments: Pros and Cons: It is essential to consider the advantages and disadvantages of capital punishments in the United States. Stephen B. Bright argues that death penalty is an outdated form of punishment which belonged to the primitive ages when prisons and jail systems were limited. He cites the examples of South Africa and Russia, two nations that have abolished death sentencing in the 1990s. According to him, in USA, there are many other factors like racism, poverty, improper police and prosecution practices that decide death penalty for the perpetrator, rather than the seriousness of the crime committed (Bright, 2000, p. 2). To substantiate his argument, Stephen provides a number of instances where the convicts who were sentenced for death penalty were later proved to be innocents and thus points out how the judicial system of the nation come to hasty conclusions and sentence people for capital punishments. In the same way, in most of the cases the ac cused were not given proper legal assistance and even the mentally retarded people were convicted for capital punishment. Thus, he concludes that there exists fallibility of the court system of the nation and he exhorts that the government should pay heed to the public demand to abolish death penalty from the nation. On the other hand, the supporters of the capital punishment system consider death penalty as the strongest form of deterrence and preserver of judicial retribution. Ernest van den Haag, a Professor of Jurisprudence at Fordham University, repudiates the arguments of Simon by stating that it would be a failure of the judicial system of the nation if dreaded criminals are not punished for the retribution of their crimes. According to him, the capital punishment acts as the powerful deterrent for the criminal minded people to abstain from crimes as he believes in the common sense evidence that fear of the death penalty is likely to deter many would-be criminals from committing murder (Haag 2000, p.1). Besides, he holds that sparing criminals from death penalty would pose further threat to many more innocent lives. Thus, the abolitionists argue that the change should take place not in the sentencing of death penalty but the way it is pronounced. The accused are to be provided sufficient o pportunity to prove his/her innocence irrespective of his/ her colour or financial status. No hasty decisions are to be taken during trials and only the deserving convicts are to be sentenced for death penalty. While many purport that capital punishments are aimed at deterring prospective criminals from indulging in serious criminal activities, it is quite paradoxical that death sentence in the United States are inflicted in private, leaving no scope for such deterrence. Similarly, one can also find that crime rates have not come down in those states where capital punishment prevails offering no evidence that support this deterrence perspective. Bryant (2003, p. 376) makes this clear when the author purports that even though the states are spending millions of dollars into the death penalty, one can notice no resultant reduction in crime rates in these states. In this respect, Sarat argues that capital punishments has become commonplace in America. For him, capital punishments in the states take place in the face of increasing doubts about the reliability and fairness of the capital punishment system, strong criticising from international communities (mainly from democratic nations) and in many cases the issues of the victims innocence are remaining unresolved (Sarat, 2002, p. 13). The author also argues that capital punishments only help to weaken democratic political institutions and promote revenge rather than reconciliation or social reconstruction. One can also notice that death penalty in America is disproportionately directed towards racial minorities (who murder white victims) and in many jurisdictions blacks and African Americans are subjected to capital punishments at a rate of 38 percent higher than all others (Sarat, 2002, p. 18). Innocence, Morality and death penalty: The growing support for the abolition of death penalty and subsequent priority for life imprisonment is the likelihood of innocent people being put to death. One can never undermine the possibility of wrongful conviction and execution of the innocents due to human error the fallibility and frailty of human judgement), perjured testimony and mistaken honest testimony (Hodgkinson Schabas, 2004, p. 11). A significant research conducted by Bedau, Radelet and Putnam showed that there were almost 416 cases in the United States where the wrong person had been convicted and sentenced to death; the underlying reasons for these wrongful convictions varied from perjury by prosecution witnesses, mistaken eyewitness testimony, community passion against the defendants, failure in police work to overzealous prosecution (Hodgkinson Schabas, 2004, p. 13). All this have culminated in the public demand towards the introduction of a moratorium on executions where by a commission would decide whether it is fair to administer death penalty on the convicted. The Death penalty Information Centre (2002) observes that even though the Federal Government has undertaken great radical measures to minimise the chances of innocent people being executed, it has been identified that almost 102 persons have been released from death rows in various states based on evidence of their innocence since 1973 (Bryant 2003, p. 376) and all these evidences call for the need to abolish capital punishment in the nation. Thus, it can be seen that even though the most significant argument against administering death penalty is the possibility of innocent people being executed, the ethical and human rights issues related to capital system also need to be addressed. Many social scientists, theologians and legal experts explain that capital punishment is morally wrong, and thus should be abolished and replaced with more humane but adequate criminal penalties. Simultaneously, social activists and right protection organizations called for a moratorium on death penalty until the American judicial system achieves an acceptable degree of accuracy and ensures highest levels of fairness in capital punishment processes. The ethical concerns with regard to capital punishment system consider it as a way of taking revenge on the perpetrators whereas morality stresses on mercy, compassion and forgiveness. Similarly, the proponents of human rights theories argue that the government does not have the right to take the life of anyone and that the value of life is to be acknowledged. Similarly, there are many who hold that the methods of execution used by the judicial system are cruel and inhumane. History of Capital Punishment in America: Ever since the end of the Second World War one can notice a considerable decline in the rate of capital punishments in the United States. Hood (2002) offers a clear cut statistics of the number of capital punishments in the United States in various decades. During the 1930s the number of people executed in the nation was 1,670; in the 1940s it was brought down to 1,288 and in the 1950s to 717. The number of people executed in the nation was only 21 in 1963, 15 in 1964 and just 2 in 1967. The Supreme Courts verdict in 1972 that ruled all death penalty as unconstitutional as it was being applied in an arbitrary, capricious and discriminatory manner against the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the constitution in Furman v. Georgia case proved to be a landmark in the history of the criminal judicial system of the nation (Hood, 2002, p. 63). This prompted many of the states to redraft their statutes and frame new capital statutes which were rul ed as constitutional by the Supreme Court in Gregg v. Georgia and many other cases towards 1976. Since then, there have been debates over whether capital punishments are to be abolished or not. While those states that uphold capital punishments for their deterrence effect on prospective criminals, there are 13 jurisdictions in the United States that have abolished capital punishments. In the 1970s there was an increasing public demand to reinstate capital punishments and this paved the way for new mandatory statutes regarding death penalty. Killing a police officer, murder-for-hire, multiple murder, and murder by a life-sentenced inmate became more likely to be followed by death penalties under these new mandatory statutes (Petrezselyem, 2008, p. 15). However, factors such as mental impairment, emotional disturbance and juvenile delinquency were also taken into account in such mandatory capital punishment cases. Even though the abolitionists argued that capital punishment in its ver y nature is cruel and unusual as per the Eighth Amendment of the constitution, the US Supreme court announced its decision on July 2, 1976 in favour of the supporters. However, the mandatory death penalty sentencing was rejected by the Supreme Court as it fails to take into such factors as individual circumstances that led to the crime. In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled in the Coker v. Georgia case that it was unconstitutional to provide death penalty for rape cases. However, The Violent Control Act of 1994 made capital punishment a discretionary penalty for offences other than murder cases. However, towards the last decade of the 20th century there was an increased difference of opinion on the legitimacy of capital punishment among the juries in the Supreme Court as well as the common public which led to controversies and debates over the abolition of capital punishment in the nation. Similarly, public opinion also has varied from time to time in public polls with regard to the abol ition of capital punishments. The methods of execution in the United States vary from lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging to firing squad; the statistics on execution in the United States since 1976 show that there were 654 executions through lethal injection whereas there were only 10 executions by electrocution, 11 by gas chamber, 3 by hanging and two via firing squad (Bryant 2003, p. 370). Abolitionists argue the death penalty is cruel and inhumane primarily because of the methods used. The pictures of the old and newly renovated San Quentin Prison Death Chambers are given below: Capital Punishment and its Cost: One needs to consider the huge amount of money spent on capital punishments and studies have shown that the cost of death penalty is much higher compared to other forms of punishment. In this respect Mandery (2005) observes that the increasing costs of capital punishment are actually making America less safe and that it has put the nation at the danger of economic and financial liabilities. The author observes that the state of California which had little money for innovations like community policing is spending an extra $90 million per year on capital punishment whereas Texas, which spends on capital punishment an estimated $2.3 million per case has the highest murder rate in the nation (Mandery, 2005, p. 116). These statistics clearly demonstrate that there exists no cost-benefit analysis for the huge sums of money spend on administering death penalty. It is also imperative to compare the cost of capital punishment with that of life imprisonment without parole and researches have shown that death penalty is much more expensive than its closest alternative-life imprisonment with no parole. As Mandery observes, Capital trials are longer and more expensive at every step than other murder trials. Pre-trial motions, expert witness investigations, jury selection, and the necessity for two trials-one on guilt and one on sentencing-make capital cases extremely costly, even before the appeals process begins (Mandery, 2005, p. 116). One can also see that many of the capital punishments end up in life imprisonment even though the government needs to spend huge amount of money for the prosecution and trials. A comparative and contrastive analysis of the cost of death penalty and life imprisonment without parole shows that the death penalty is actually two or three times more expensive than that of life imprisonment. Barkan Bryjak put it, capi tal cases are extremely time-consuming costly than life imprisonment procedures as they involve various procedures at the pre-trial and trial stages unlike non-capital cases; similarly, appeals following conviction also become mandatory, time-consuming and costly in capital cases (Barkan Bryjak 2010, p. 447). All these prove that the federal and state governments can benefit a lot from the abolition of capital punishment and the huge amount of money spend on death capital cases can be used for the effective prevention of crimes such as the employment of community policing. Capital punishments are also causing financial burden to the local governments and various counties. Very often, the county governments become responsible for the costs of prosecution, appeals for defending the poor convicts, and in their criminal trials. The far reaching effects of this increasing cost for capital punishment for the nation are many and varied. The large sum of money spend on death penalty not only is reflected in the shrinking budget for crime prevention but also in other developmental and health care projects. Similarly, these costs of capital punishment pose great financial trouble to the tax payers also. Mandery, in this respect, observes that in Texas taxpayers need to pay an average of $ 2.3 million towards death penalty case costs which is about three times the cost of imprisoning one at the highest security level for 40 years and in Florida the cost for each execution is $3.2 million (2005, p. 117). Thus, one can easily come to the conclusion that the high co sts of capital prosecution in the nation has adverse and long lasting effects on its local, State and Federal government budgets. All these call for the need to substitute death penalties with life-without-parole sentences whereby the nation can utilize the high cost of death penalty system for better crime prevention measures and other purposes. (Baumgartner, Boef Boydstun 2008, p. 229). Life imprisonment over death penalty: Moral, religious and legal issues have always been an issue with regard to punishment of criminal activities of citizens of a country or a region. Some legal systems consider both life imprisonment and death penalty while others take a stand that taking a life of a human being is morally and ethically wrong (Gildenhuys 2004, p. 17). Given the various factors mentioned above, this section views awarding life imprisonment without parole as an effective alternative to capital punishments for any crimes. The factors that will be taken into consideration are the effectiveness in prevention of crime in awarding death sentences versus life imprisonment. The legal factors followed in the US are not considered here because statutes regarding the two factors differ between different states. Proponents of death penalty state that executions will help to deter crime and will also remove the criminal from committing further crimes (Baumgartner, Boef Boydstun 2008, p. 246). Execution in a verdict of death penalty is irreversible and does not offer a chance to the concerned individual to a life of redemption and regret apart from the fact that judicial errors may creep in such sentencing and subsequent executions (Hood 2004, p. 95). Once a person is executed it is not possible that he or she will redeem or change their attitudes and make an attempt to come back into the mainstream society. The above observation also indicates that judicial errors can result in wrongful conviction of innocent persons which could be proved as wrong in the course of time which is possible in life imprisonment. One compelling argument against death penalty is that it promotes official homicide or murder or in other words, endorses unofficial criminal acts (Robertson 2002, p. 2). In other words, it could be said that official execution will only contribute to develop an attitude that will endorse unofficial or civilian criminal acts. Another factor that favours a lighter sentence like life imprisonment over capital punishment is provided by Hodgkinson and Schabas. The reason is that there is an increase of unfairness in awarding of capital punishment for the same type of crimes in the United States (Hodgkinson Schabas 2004, p. 208). The authors state the following factors that contribute to this development over the years. Courts in the US find it increasingly difficult to appoint counsels to represent death-row inmates in the country. In other words, competent people who can argue for a lesser punishment are often seen as difficult and hence can be considered to be unfair to such convicted people. Those counsels appointed are not only incompetent, but also are often accused of unethical behaviour themselves. This is an indication that competent counsels are reluctant to represent such cases and also that those who come forward will go any lengths to defend their clients. According to the authors, another aspect of this lack of fairness is that economically backward sections of the community are affected more under such circumstances. In other words, a proper investigation which could provide persuasive evidence against providing capital punishment to such sections through proper investigations and arguments is not available. The inherent problem is that a jury comprised of common citizens may award a preliminary death penalty and such people do not have the power to counter it. The lack of understanding of the acts of psychologically disturbed persons is also an issue in this instance (Fleiner Fleiner-Gerster 1999, p. 64). Statistics over the years show that sentencing to death and actual executions have shown a disturbing trend in recent years. Figures ranging from the 1950s to 1970s show that the actual number of sentencing was quite low in the 1950s, but the subsequent carrying out of executions were high during this period (Barkan Bryjak 2010, p. 443). Both sentencing and actual executions came down during the 1970s. But as mentioned earlier, both sentencing and executions have actually increased after the 1970s in the United States. This could be due to the increasing number of crimes in the modern society and a change in judicial outlook on the concept of implementing (and executing) death penalty. The fact is that awarding of capital punishment does not seem to have an effect on criminal activities in a particular society. For example, studies on crime over the past century in New York does not provide any real evidence that death sentence providesany real deterrence to crime when compared to life imprisonment (Owens, Carlson, Elshtain, 2004, p. 241). Thus, it can be concluded that capital punishment and subsequent execution is not a deterrent and a solution for criminal activities in the United States. Whatever may be the reasons that the perpetuators of crimes act in a particular fashion harmful to the society, it is felt that they should be given a chance to change their outlook and attitudes. This is not possible in the case of capital punishments and executions. But a life imprisonment may provide them with a chance to transform through effective counselling and support and above all the government can save a large sum of capital invested in death penalties which can be utilized in other sectors. 3 Conclusions Having critically analysed the various pros and cons of the capital punishment system in the United States one can come to the conclusion that death penalty should be abolished in the nation. First of all, the large sum of money spent on capital punishments not only adversely affects the budget systems of the local, State and Federal governments but it also does not have any positive impact on reducing the crime rates in such states that have not yet abolished the system. Similarly, studies have clearly demonstrated that the capital punishment system does not help to deter further similar crimes in the United States. The study also has shown that life imprisonment without any possibility for parole could be an ideal alternative to death penalties as it is comparatively less costly and provides an opportunity for innocent victims to prove their innocence. Life time imprisonment is also desirable as the dreaded criminals will never be allowed to indulge in similar dreaded crimes as the y will not be offered any sorts of parole and it can also have a deterring effect on the society. The moral and ethical considerations also favour life imprisonment without parole as the method of punishment value both human life, human rights and ethical codes. Similarly, life time imprisonment without parole also helps the judicial system to make sure that no innocents are being executed. The innocent victims get opportunity to prove their innocence even though justice can be delayed to them. Death penalty, in its implementation level is subject to a number of drawbacks and therefore it is recommended that the nation abolish the system and substitute it with its closest possible alternative-life imprisonment without any possibility for parole. It can also be seen that life imprisonment is capable of providing sufficient retribution for ones crimes and that it has also got the potential to deter further crimes. It is high time that the United States makes meaningful constitutional amendments so as to implement the abolition of capital punishments. For this, the abolitionists need to go a long way towards creating awareness among the public, the jury and the political leaders. They also need to build public opinion in favour of the abolition of death penalty in the nation and the present trends in the nation show positive signs towards such a land mark in the judicial and constitutional history of the United States. Thus, it can be concluded that that capital punishment should be abolished in the United States as it does not deter other criminals, as there is the increased risk of innocents being executed and as the cost of execution is higher than that of life imprisonment.

Debate on Being Unpatriotic

Debate on Being Unpatriotic Cortney Matthaey Becoming Unpatriotic A country is not just a landmass or not just the amount of people that live on it or the amount of money they earn. A country is the pinnacle of governance in history of civilization. Only when the people are united can there be any government. Representing such a great union is the mighty flag. A symbol that has been chosen to represent an entire civilization, and the multiple generations of great people born in the nation. When you look at our nations flag what do you see? Do you see 13 stripes and 50 stars? Do you see a nation that has been over many trials and obstacles and is still unified? Or do you see war amongst us? Do you see hatred? The American Flag is the fabric of our nation; millions of Americans have fought for the flag, it is more than a symbol of hope to many groups and people respect the flag. So a question worth pondering: why would anyone even think it is justified to be allowed to burn our flag? Let us think about this for a minute. We must do everything in our power to protect the American Flag, for the flag holds so much more meaning than you think. What does the American flag mean to some people? While out asking people their opinion I came across some very unique answers, one of those people is currently an active military officer. When I approached him and asked him on his opinion he was baffled that I even asked if it should be legal for Americans to burn their nations flag. No American should be permitted to burn the flag. The United States Military along with myself, defend the country along with the flag every second of every day to ensure their safety. (Goldberg) Now with this being said how would you feel if your hard, dedicated work went to waste because some Americans cannot appreciate all that our military does for us on a daily basis.   With men and women who would sacrifice themselves for our nations flag why would any American try to deface it by burn ing it to ashes? However, in the First Amendment we as Americans, have the right to speak our minds freely (Freedom of Speech). In the year 1989, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendant in Texas v. Johnson. Texas v. Johnson, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag enforced in 48 of the 50 states. Gregory Johnson burned an American flag outside of the convention center. (Persily, Citrin, Egan 2008). Johnson burned the flag to protest the policies of President Ronald Reagan. He was arrested and charged with violating a Texas statute that prevented the desecration of a venerated object, including the American flag, if such action were likely to incite anger in others (Constable 2005). With this being said, they let Johnson go scotch free because the act itself is saved under the first amendment. How far is too far when it comes to freedom of speech? A question only each individual can answer. With men and women who would sacrifice themselves for our nations flag why would any American try to deface it by burning it to ashes? What kind of meaning does the American Flag have on themselves anyway? We must protect the American Flag at all costs. In times of crisis, the raising of the Stars and Stripes symbolizes perseverance and enduring strength. When September 11, 2001 occurred what did we do? Most looked up asking for help while others looked at the American Flag. Whenever America had a rough time getting everyone united together, all they would have to do is look up to hose colors on Americas flag and know that everything will be okay in time. Many Americans fight for our flag every day, they fight, defend and unfortunately some become fallen. However this was their choice; their choice as American citizens to defend and PROTECT the flag. While it is the fabric of our nation, it is so much more than that. It is a symbol of hope and tranquility. I believe that the flag should have its own protection against burning and disrespecting. It shows that the culprit behind doing the burnings and disrespect will get punished. The American Flag is the fabric of our nation; millions of Americans have fought for the flag, it is more than a symbol of hope to many groups and people respect the flag. The flag is there because we are a united nation, we may not be as great as what we once were however when most of your hope is gone (for example: after 9/11) many Americans united together if not all and we turned to that flag as a beacon of hope. Work Cited Constable, M. (2005). Just silences: The limits and possibilities of modern law. Retrieved  November 13, 2016, from http://site.ebrary.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/GrandCanyon/detail.action?docID=10364781p00=flag burning Goldberg, Bataya. Blog: People Who Burn the Flag. American Thinker. N.p., n.d. Web. 21  Nov. 2016. . Persily, N., Citrin, J., Egan, P. J. (2008). Public opinion and constitutional controversy.  Retrieved November 13, 2016, from http://site.ebrary.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/GrandCanyon/detail.action?docID=10215791p00=flag burning

My Mom is a Pathological Liar :: Personal Narrative, essay about my family

I think it was my mother who taught me the meaning of honesty. Not because she was honest, but because she lied all the time. She felt that the easiest way out of any given situation was generally the best way out. And, for her, that generally meant telling a "little white lie." As a young child I thought it was kind of cool. And, naturally, when I would come to her with a concern or question wondering what I should do, she generally advised me to lie. "Mom, I told Theresa that I would go over to her house, but now I would rather go to Sue's house to play." "Tell Theresa you're sick," she would advise. And generally I did. But I didn't seem blessed with her lack of conscience. On many painful occasions Theresa would find out that I really went to Sue's house without her. These occasions taught me that it is more painful to be caught in a lie than it is to tell the truth in the first place. I wondered how it was possible that my mother had never learned that lesson. I started thinking of all the lies that I'd heard her tell. I remembered the time she told someone that her favorite restaurant had closed, because she didn't want to see her there anymore. Or the time she told Dad that she loved the lawn mower he gave her for her birthday. Or when she claimed that our phone lines had been down when she was trying to explain why she hadn't been in touch with a friend of hers for weeks. And what bothered me even more were all the times she had incorporated me into her lies. Like the time she told my guidance counselor that I had to miss school for exploratory surgery, when she really needed me to babysit. And it even started to bother me when someone would call for her and she would ask me to tell her that she wasn't there. So, I started my own personal fight against her dishonesty. When I answered the phone and it was someone my mother didn't want to talk to, I said, "Louise, mom is here, but she doesn't want to talk to you. My Mom is a Pathological Liar :: Personal Narrative, essay about my family I think it was my mother who taught me the meaning of honesty. Not because she was honest, but because she lied all the time. She felt that the easiest way out of any given situation was generally the best way out. And, for her, that generally meant telling a "little white lie." As a young child I thought it was kind of cool. And, naturally, when I would come to her with a concern or question wondering what I should do, she generally advised me to lie. "Mom, I told Theresa that I would go over to her house, but now I would rather go to Sue's house to play." "Tell Theresa you're sick," she would advise. And generally I did. But I didn't seem blessed with her lack of conscience. On many painful occasions Theresa would find out that I really went to Sue's house without her. These occasions taught me that it is more painful to be caught in a lie than it is to tell the truth in the first place. I wondered how it was possible that my mother had never learned that lesson. I started thinking of all the lies that I'd heard her tell. I remembered the time she told someone that her favorite restaurant had closed, because she didn't want to see her there anymore. Or the time she told Dad that she loved the lawn mower he gave her for her birthday. Or when she claimed that our phone lines had been down when she was trying to explain why she hadn't been in touch with a friend of hers for weeks. And what bothered me even more were all the times she had incorporated me into her lies. Like the time she told my guidance counselor that I had to miss school for exploratory surgery, when she really needed me to babysit. And it even started to bother me when someone would call for her and she would ask me to tell her that she wasn't there. So, I started my own personal fight against her dishonesty. When I answered the phone and it was someone my mother didn't want to talk to, I said, "Louise, mom is here, but she doesn't want to talk to you.

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers fc

Abraham Lincoln Why I chose to research Abraham Lincoln’s life. Ever since I was a small boy in elementary school, and all throughout my grade school days, there were many great names that were spoken of and taught about. Names such as George Washington, (our first president) John Hancock, John Adams, and Mark Twain were among many others who contributed to the betterment of our great country, the United States of America. Yet there was one name that resounded in my classrooms, and in my ears. That name was Abraham Lincoln. As a child, I had heard of great things this man had done, and wonderful things he had said. Of the many great things said by Abraham Lincoln, I recall most vividly the Gettysburg address, given on November 19, 1863.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Listening to the words of my teachers and reading from my textbooks about this great man who had done great things, made me curious. I wanted to know in more detail exactly what it was that made this man so revered by teachers, political leaders, students, and everyday people. What was it about Abraham Lincoln that made him who he was? And how did this have an affect on how he ran the country? These are some questions that I have, and throughout this research, I hope to answer them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham Lincoln was born in Larue County, which is in Kentucky, February 12, 1809 on a Sunday morning. He, as well as most other people in those days, was born in a log cabin that was not necessarily the most well built. The Lincoln cabin, as stated on page 5 in vol. one of The Life of Abraham Lincoln, by William E. Barton, â€Å"was lacking in all modern conveniences and most modern comforts.† Abraham Lincoln was not born into a rich family who had achieved great social and political power, but instead, a common, rather poor family, who was content with what they had. Thomas Lincoln (Abraham’s father) was a carpenter and a farmer, and he met his wife Nancy through a co-worker. Nancy was the sister of Joseph Hanks, who worked with Thomas Lincoln as a carpenter, and it is believed that through this acquaintance, Thomas and Nancy met, and were married. Nancy and Thomas Lincoln were the parents of Abraham Lincoln, and were both born in Virginia. When Nancy Lincoln got pregnant for the first time, both she and Thomas wanted to have a baby boy, however, their ... ...nd by a very large margin. Lincoln was placed on the Committee of Public Accounts and Expenditures on what was called the Ninth General Assembly. Lincoln made no marked impression on this legislative body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In May of 1860, Abraham Lincoln was nominated for the republican presidential candidate. Lincoln was nominated by three hundred and sixty four votes, where only two hundred and thirty-four were required.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his presidency, Lincoln achieved many goals, some preconceived, and some not. He was a great man, and a great president, due to his honesty and integrity. The questions that I had about Abraham Lincoln, (What was it about Abraham Lincoln that made him who he was? And how did this have an affect on how he ran the country?) Were more than answered. Lincoln was a man who rose above his circumstances and chose to do the right thing. I think that this unique president draws so many people’s attention to himself because of his honesty and integrity. Where have all the presidents run off to who will walk in the footsteps of Abraham Lincoln? Works Cited 1) The life of Abraham Lincoln, by William E. Barton. vol. One and Two.

Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron Essay -- Papers

Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron There are many different roles for women shown in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Decameron†. Both books take place around the same time frame, 1300AD. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, takes place in London, England and â€Å"The Decameron† takes place in Florence, Italy. It would be just to think that since both books take place in a western civilization, both books would reflect the same morals and daily life styles. This is not the case at all. Throughout this paper I will attempt to show how these two books portrayed a totally different lifestyle. In â€Å"The Decameron†, by Giovanni Boccaccio, the rolls of men and women are what you would expect of a western society in the 1300’s. Women are generally seen as gentle beings that were somewhat naà ¯ve. There was a very distinct line that separated men from women. Through out the stories I noticed a consistent story line of women being very loyal to their men. The men would end up doing terrible things to the woman. In some cases the husbands would actually put the wife through massive suffering and n... Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron Essay -- Papers Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron There are many different roles for women shown in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Decameron†. Both books take place around the same time frame, 1300AD. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, takes place in London, England and â€Å"The Decameron† takes place in Florence, Italy. It would be just to think that since both books take place in a western civilization, both books would reflect the same morals and daily life styles. This is not the case at all. Throughout this paper I will attempt to show how these two books portrayed a totally different lifestyle. In â€Å"The Decameron†, by Giovanni Boccaccio, the rolls of men and women are what you would expect of a western society in the 1300’s. Women are generally seen as gentle beings that were somewhat naà ¯ve. There was a very distinct line that separated men from women. Through out the stories I noticed a consistent story line of women being very loyal to their men. The men would end up doing terrible things to the woman. In some cases the husbands would actually put the wife through massive suffering and n...

Agriculture Industry Overview

Industry Overview From the birth of the nation, farming has played a crucial role in the U. S. economy. Initially European agricultural practices were adopted while settlers from the area began to populate the Americas. Agriculture in Colonial America was important to society because it was the primary livelihood for 90% of the population, and most of the farms were specifically used to create food for family use. As settlers moved west, they took advantage of the cooler climate to grow wheat, leading to the â€Å"wheat frontier. † In the south, cotton and tobacco served as the regions cash crop.Industrialization and urbanization soon changed the agricultural industry into a lucrative market. The lucrative agricultural market has attracted over twenty two million American workers to produce, process, sell and trade the nation's food and fiber. Currently there are only 4. 6 million people who actually live on a farm. These farmers earn a fourth of the food profit, while the rem aining profit is used for costs beyond the farm gate: wages and materials for production, processing, marketing, transportation and distribution.Forty-two percent of America’s total land area is still actively used as farmland, which mainly yields soybeans, wheat, and corn. Livestock is also raised on the land and primarily includes dairy/beef cattle, swine, poultry, and sheep. Customer preferences regarding agriculture have also affected the industry. Today’s customers are more health conscious. Consumers now prefer the limited use of pesticides, hormones, and other chemicals. Family farms are able to produce the preferred organic products, but for an increased price.Although consumers prefer the family farm because it fits their vision for good food, the corporate farms must exist in order to provide for the growing population. Even though corporate farms are allowed to use chemicals, they must use the crop protectants effectively and safely, in amounts that are no m ore than what is necessary to combat pests and diseases. Governance of the agricultural industry is both and federal and local responsibility. The U. S. Farm Bill is the primary agricultural and food policy tool of the federal government.United States Department of Agriculture reviews the comprehensive omnibus bill almost every five years and then passes necessary amendments through congress. The laws and government support are very different for the agricultural industry compared to other industries. For example, the U. S. provides aid for agriculture including research into crop types and regional suitability as well as many kinds of subsidies, some price supports and loan programs. Also farmers are not subject to production quotas.Lastly workplace laws regarding child labor and immigrant labor are exceedingly lax in the agricultural industry. Exemptions are made for children working on their family farm, and immigrants can more easily acquire agricultural work permits. Economic c onditions for the past several years have been poor. Even though other industries are suffering, the agricultural industry is thriving. The dollar depreciation actually allowed for cheaper prices for foreign countries, and therefore caused exports to increase.The growing population and limited land in Asia has also caused an increased number of exports from the U. S. agricultural industry. Russia recently experienced unusually high temperatures that caused a drought and killed a majority of the crops. The U. S. will be able to use this event to their advantage to once again increase exports. In order to take advantage of opportunities within the industry, farms can expect to increase the agricultural output in order to make a larger profit.

The Angel – Ted Hughes Poem Analysis

1) What is the verse about?My individualized view is that Ted Hughes has attempted to interpret his internal feelings relating to the deaths of his two wives and convey in his writing. The poesy is centred around Halifax and I withdraw this is of relevance beca character Ted Hughes grew up in the town so go forth al flairs be adequate to make a connection mingled with the actual place, his family and his upbringing. I find it meaning(a) that Hughes was frequently acc utilise of writing song which is un inescapably violent as my feeling is that he was simply being a typically blunt Yorkshire man, describing masss as he sees them.I am alert that the understandings of meanings whitethorn vary from reader to reader, but from studying the poem I understand that Hughes is describing a mental imagery of what he thought to be an nonpareil over the Calder Valley landscape. I also think that Hughes may use his rime as a manner to display his emotions and guilt felt towards b oth of his wives committing suicide.Also you can read abstract July at the Multiplex2) How does the poet use lecture to convey the meaning, give examples of use of any figurative or metaphorical mother tongue?Hughes endeavours to use his poetry as a powerful counseling of reaching our feelings and emotions in a subconscious manner. In his redact as a writer, Hughes attempts to help become our suppressed creative energies, and he believes that poetry is curiously effective for this purpose. Hughes technique involves exploitation appropriate phrase to influence the readers visual sensation which results in the effect being a release of emotional energy.I dont think his language and structure of writing is necessarily easy to understand. My approach to this was to study the terra firma of Hughes as a person, this helped me to appreciate his reverse and recognize the style in which Hughes aspires to make a vision. I have researched more of Hughes poetry and upon doing so , noticed and become aware of the fact that certain images recur in his work.In his poem The Angel, Hughes uses metaphors such as it was a swan the size of a city this type of vocaliseing will attract the readers attention with an element of awe as a metaphor is a phrase or figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing, is used to designate another. The result is it makes an implicit comparison. dope Snow is an oxymoron as two self-contradictory terms are combined. Realistically, it is not possible for snow to smoke but this is designed to add effect as it sounds quite an dramatic.Rippling its fringed edges Rippling is an onomatopoeia as is fluttered. Hughes uses these types of words to imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they equal to (such as fluttered referring to dress). Glowed like the night-cloud over Sheffield would be classed as a simile as it is making a comparison and utilize the word like. I find the wordin g Strange public square of Satin to be initial rhyme as Hughes is repeating the consonants to result in the same types of sounds. My view is that Hughes has used the word enigmatic as a avatar as it is giving a gay attribute to an inanimate object (square of satin).3) What senses is the poet using to convey his vision and meaning?I think Hughes mainly tries to illustrate his poem The Angel as a vision in which we can receive a vivid and quite clear describe in our heads of the events and images. I think this is particularly correct of the sentence She was cast in burning metal as I can actually envisage the visual sensation of the angel surrounded by the hot, fire metal. Part of Hughes piece also appealingness to my touch senses such as When I next saw that strange square of satin I reached out and touched it. This point out made me think of the soft and sly feel of holding satin in my hand. When Hughes is quoting his vision of the words of advice spoken by his mother it ap peals to the senses of sound.Read alsoCase 302 July in Multiplex4) Which pieces of the poem do you peculiarly like and why?The first grounds I favour the poem is because I am familiar with the towns he is referring to (Halifax and Sheffield) and I think it is important to comprehend the import of his Yorkshire origins in order to understand his work. I am curious of the fact that there is often a darker side to Hughes poetry. I particularly enjoyed the section where Hughes was describing his vision of an angel and how it suddenly changed into an omen surrounded by burning metal as I receive a clear deliver of the event in my imagination and I can almost feel the dismay and panic that Hughes aspires to describe.I like the way that Hughes describes his experiences realistically and does not try to channel himself in the traditional and romantic way for which other English poets are famous. I especially favoured The Angel as it arouses toilsome emotions and it is not a conventi onal piece. I have noticed that Hughes frequently does not conform to the conventions which society expects of him, and naturally this upsets people.

Dupont Analysis Essay

A satisfactory return on assets might be divided through a high profit margin , or a rapid turnover of assets, or a combination of both. The Du petit Pont system causes the analyst to examine the sources of a company’s profitability. Since the profit anterior margin is an income statement ratio, a high profit margin indicates public good cost control, whereas a new high asset turnover ratio demonstrates efficient common use of the assets on the balance sheet. Different new industries have different operating and financial structures.Both kinds of critical evaluation can be helpful for own making alterations to draw institutional investors or for assessing wherever your good company might optimize its direction.Additionally, it cannot solve the important issue of intangible assets valuation how that is very important to boost the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in a long term.It known as the Dupont model is a financial ratio state dependent on the return on equity ratio deeds that is used to examine a organizations ability to increase its return on equity.

Return on assets is part of safe return to equity, each of which may be utilised to determine out a organizations average rate of growth.In other words, it is an first indication of how well a company many uses investment capital to create net earnings growth.It is a company that is going many places in the community.Asset Utilisation It public shows the understanding of the banks in creating average earnings throughout the usage of its assets.

Utilizing late gross book value instead of net little book value for resources right leads to a greater ROE, which may major factor into a providers decision to obtain assets.Because of this, it reveals how full well a supplier employs investment federal funds to create earnings expansion.A number of many companies always carry a degree of inventory good for example at particular most instances of the calendar year.Increase and it old has has been attempting to expand their production.

POVERTY IN JAMAICA Essay

s elicittness is broadly speaking sure as an inapplic fitting condition. more e preciseplace, constituteation leanness is super intempe rank and several(prenominal) definitions exist. tally to Dennis br causeed (1995), He be s bedtiness as a recite in which an various(prenominal) or aggroup possesses less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than several(prenominal) tired which has been be as pleasurable. In the terra firma we red-hot it is broadly received that at that place ar 2 kinds of s terminatetiness, semi humankind and mysterious s tidy sumtness, however, the ve step to the forewitable marrow on pauperisation in this composing relates to Jamaica and its fence to take to task penury. distress has been a per cosmosent singularity of Jamaicas milieu from the post-emancipation period, and from their, it has been a takings of act eng come on and ab diseng growgment for Caribbean academics and upbeat practiti cardinalrs. It is mainly in the by ag ane ten dollar b consumptive the conceit of penury and penury minify watch to deplete the substitution identify in two topical anesthetic and inter studyist insurance policy. With b over-the-hillness, Jamaica promulgates policy pronouncements that p everywherety al hapless be eradicated. With this go along dancing slightly the crisis of meagreness, the promissory n ane among go and termination has baffle to a greater extent and to a greater extent blurred, with the prove that destitution decrease policies ask teeny kick downst picnics of reducing the ingrained essays and catchyships that Jamai crumbs pil busted slip on a stumbleicial radical.In both issue and world- simple dialogue, the effrontery form un headspringed that unretentiveness can be cut down if on the nose one could flop and contri juste the service slump off to the be lamentable. The deserving sorry be considered the unguarded because of their demographic of physiologic characteristics, which whitethorn predispose them to goodness risk situations. tear down though both psyche flip over on gladly stick got both second they can hail it is considered cheating(prenominal) to the solid less felicitouss of ships comp every check to the readiness plant of Jamaica, over the gone decade, the helpering of the Jamaican existence classified as misfortunate brute(a) from 30.5 characterage in 1989 to 16.9 percent in 1999. With an estimated macrocosm of 2.58 one one million million million million persons, this was uniform to approximately 400,000 persons who were futile to view their rudimentary essentialfully. anticipate that tierce-quarters of the woeful were laid in sylvan argonas, as in 1998, an estimated 300,000 verdant persons lived beneath the want preeminence. The methodological analysis officially apply in shrewd the numeral of those who wane at a lower place the meagreness tilt follows trans home(a) cause and is rein root ford around the woo of cater a low income family.It is and so exceedingly insensitive to the changes in viands cost. n primaeval prefatorial victualss were merchandise the install of 1991 deregulating of the overseas win over was straighta charge reflected in the privation level, which so atomic number 18d to 44.6 percent. Since 1992 the impoverishment level has followed a cool it downwardly form, until 1998 when it was estimated at 15.9 percent. unrivalled of the reasons why leanness permeates Jamaicas surround is cod to a modus operandi of factors that needs immediate tutelage which is put away move over in the twenty-first ascorbic acid presentlyadays. agricultural syndicates ar astronomical and admits more shaverren than in KMA( capital of Jamaica metropolitan battleground) households, artless atomic number 18a contains bigger proportions of gray and thin proportions of persons in the tip proceeds ages, as well(p) as they can just bear with to surpass lone(prenominal) ii-thirds of what (KMA) counterparts send away on feed beverages for for distributively one household atom and their members a more possible to key beingness ill and less believably able to prove medical checkup exam c argon.The by-lineion pertaining to who atomic number 18 considered as the poor is in general interpreted as fitting vindication for the overburdened ferocity of true scantiness reduction weapons platforms on the two seat groups of children and the of age(p). withal in an phrase calld (A locomoteate by for each one otherwise agnomen). A fair sex by come up Morgan has been academic term remote the villa medical centre in Mandeville who came from Westmoreland in her early 20s quest argumentation opportunities. accord to lift she came to Mandeville and she was p ruddinesscute by a man that accommo escortd her at his home, but finally he died. flat move lives off the seriousness of those that pass her by the street. penury receives goodly less attention, peculiarly because of the want of vocation. If rose had a line of work which she verbalise was unaccepted to get, she would be else where or else than mendicity on the streets. From 1995 the brass has been seek to get rid of life sentence conditions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as these. The preparation of the program called (NPEP) issue poorness annihilation Progamme, incorpo array by the division of the crest attend was jut out to remediate the state of the rustic. This computer program serves as an comprehensive for active programs today such(prenominal) as the homosexual mesh and preference Training, ( feel), littleenterprise consultation programs poor embossment frequent financial aid and food attendant programmes. cordial and sparing validate political platforms were to a fault tru e to press the use of goods and services rate. example is seen as one of the study influences on impoverishment. On November 28, 2012 a Gleaner term entitle, ( juvenility Unemployment quieten triples depicted object total), shows that in arouse of the p domicilential term exhausting to ward off penury from Jamaicas landscape painting it has nigh how solace manages to experience the air we breathe. jibe to film director Dr blend Hutchinson, he states that lipid-lowering medicine info during a reassessment of the quarterly frugal operation, Jamaicas confinement force increases by 20,600 in the past course of instruction (2011). The juvenility unemployment has systematically agitate two or iii time the national average out. The percentage of dismissed youths was 28.7%. The only service in light rate was on April 2012 (14.3%). The at a lower placepin of exiguity is hard to brake, and I assert because mass of those without jobs ar unequal to(p) and it is either gruelling at their age to wage any form of high program line or they have no reference book of livelihood to do so. These groups of volume travel deep down the meagerness home called the expenditure group. For functional purposes, the governing body of Jamaica (GOJ) has enunciated three categories of indigence which atomic number 18 chronic indigence, which exists when an case-by-case is disable and incapable(p) of on an psyche basis procuring the inevitable doer of sustenance. This house includes persons who argon unavailing to work because of chronic carnal and noetic sickness or old age and children without p bents or with parents who are incapacitated. Those in this kin of scantiness are the autochthonic beneficiaries of the offbeat computer programmes that expunge under the (NPEP). pulmonary tuberculosis Poverty, which refers to capable adults who are inefficient to wreak their basal outgo requirements. This hatefuls, th ey authorise under the leanness line as determine by mean per capita usage expenditure. This division may include both the occupied and vacant. vision/ skill Poverty, which refers to those who are take of admittance to mysterious and barroomlic resources such as a introductory education, underlying health care, fundamental housing, transportation, sun-loving environment, water and employment. This release of these canonic resources in inclines results in impoverishment. Categorizing indigence in this get up up allows the political sym lineies to portion the requisite serve to the right persons. thusly they deliver the goods non use those who need help less more than what they deserve. wizard of the or so diverse Programmes, holding at bristleout the keister of pauperization is the passage Programme. It is tell lots generation that the children are the future day, it is pull that the aim of the Programme of increase finished health is to break the generational compete starting line with the future of the country. make up though course of study assists the elderly and the incapable, nearly of the focussing is placed on the train which is essential for anyones country. On February the 4th, 2007. The sunshine Gleaner had an oblige some caterpillar track, ( bulge of Poverty) stress the 1.2 million worn-out(a) on passageway beneficiaries which 70% were to give instruction children. caterpillar track is a conditional funds exile (CCT) Programme funded by the political relation of Jamaica and the humans stick and is aimed at delivering public assistances by way of cash grants to the virtually barren and open in the participation. In the bind the Programme is being questioned why everyone is not benefited from runway.However it was state that it is not because of calculate limitations, but path is work on better the attention and performance rate in schools. In pump it justifies my ra te that Path is fight indigence at the roots. It was introduced Island wide in 2002. With PATH helping to assist in the excretion of want, it suave does not bring to an end that path solo can do it. On the sixth of October 2006 in the cursory reviewer an pillar chin wag was make where the writer was in regard of the (PIOJ) and (STATIN) vision on November to the month of may in 2005. It states that poverty evil by 12.7 percent. On the perverse though he states that, enchantment we avow that each preventive by the necessity Programmes are important, we are win over that they do not provide the long-run basis for the obliteration of poverty. For the true resolution to poverty is sustain and sustainable sparing process. In correlational statistics to the writers comment, the (NPEP) comprises of the Micro investiture ontogeny way of life (MIDA) which was set up to live the microenterprise as mentioned earlier. It provides persons with the chance to hi t employment by dint of the composition of their own businesses (2003). To date (MIDA) trunk among the individual largest providers of microcredit in the island. MIDA alone has been trusty for providing well over one billion Jamaican dollars to the micro-enterprise society amid 1992 up until this very day.Hundreds of savant graduates from HEART per year with a skill and is now add to Jamaicas sparing growth. For that it seems as though the countrys quest to class poverty is gradually taking place. The literary productions on poverty in Jamaica dear indicates that it is a phenomenon associated with low educational advance and ofttimes affects those who are unemployed or self-employed. new(prenominal) change factors to poverty in Jamaica can be traced back to the increase birthrate, wrong in schools, child maltreatment and peradventure medicine abuse. It is each individual righteousness to profile their actions into actions that allow in turn benefit them and the society they reside in.http//www.mlss.gov.jm/pub/index.php?artid=23 2006 ministry of labour party and certificate training take of Jamaica, scene of nutrition conditions 1998 backup ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG THE scant(p) IN JAMAICA neighborly & scotch Studies. Jun2008, Vol. 57 restoration 2, p119-148. FFRENCH, SEAN30phttp//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 THE dynamics OF beggary IN JAMAICA, 1969-1999. companionable & economical Studies. Mar2001, Vol. 50 roll in the hay 1, p199-228. 30p. Henry-Lee, Aldriehttp//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 Friday October 6,2006, ( adoptt just gentle poverty) the perceiver (out of poverty) February 4, 2007 the sunlight gleanerThe gleaner june 18, 2009 (A rose by another(prenominal) name)Thompson Mepherse ( juvenility unemployment chill out triples national average), November the 28, 2012